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Lots of other Scientologist-run organizations and organizations belong to the umbrella organization World Institute of Scientology Enterprises (WISE), which certifies using Hubbard's management teachings, and distributes directories of WISE-affiliated companies. WISE needs those who wish to become Hubbard management consults to complete training in Hubbard's administrative systems; this training can be undertaken at any Church of Scientology, or at one of the campuses of the Hubbard College of Administration, which offers a Partner of Applied Science Degree.


Another well-known WISE-affiliated business is e. Republic, a publishing company based in Folsom, California. e. Republic publications include Government Technology and Converge publications. The Center for Digital Federal government is a department of e. Republic that was founded in 1999. Web ISP EarthLink was established by Scientologists Sky Dayton and Reed Slatkin as a Scientology enterprise.




This section requires expansion. You can help by including to it. In order to facilitate the ongoing expansion of Scientology, the Church has made efforts to win allies in the type of effective or highly regarded individuals. Perth Scientology. Though it has actually attained some reliability as a faith in lots of nations, Scientology has actually also been described as both a cult and a company.

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For example, it has been kept in mind to participate in harassment and abuse of civil courts to silence its critics, by identifying as Fair Video game individuals it perceives as its opponents. In 1979, several Scientology members were founded guilty for their involvement in the church's Operation Snow White, the largest theft of government documents in U.S.


Scientologists were likewise convicted of scams, manslaughter and damaging witnesses in French cases, harmful libel versus attorney Casey Hill and espionage in Canada. In his book World Faiths in America, spiritual scholar Jacob Neusner specifies that Scientology's "high level of presence" may be viewed as "threatening to established social institutions".


From 1952 until 1966, Scientology was administered by a company called the Hubbard Association of Scientologists (HAS), developed in Arizona on September 10, 1952. In 1954, the HAS ended up being the HASI (HAS International). The Church of Scientology was incorporated in California on February 18, 1954, altering its name to "The Church of Scientology of California" (CSC) in 1956.

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In 1967, the IRS removed all US-based Scientology entities of their tax exemption, declaring Scientology's activities were commercial and operated for the advantage of Hubbard. Controversy followed the church on those years, but its development continued in the 1960s. New churches were formed in Paris (1959 ), Denmark (1968 ), Sweden (1969 ), and Germany (1970 ).


Centers of Scientology were in 52 nations by the time the 80s can be found in and grew to 74 by 1992. The church sued and lost repeatedly for 26 years trying to restore its tax-exempt status. The case was eventually settled in 1993, at which time the church paid $12. 5 million to the IRSgreatly less than Internal Revenue Service had at first demandedand the IRS acknowledged the church as a tax-exempt nonprofit company.


Scientology cites its tax exemption as evidence the United States government accepts it as a faith. In January 2009, removal of the tax exemption was rated as number 9 in products for the incoming Barack Obama administration to investigate, as figured out in an internet survey run by the presidential transition group getting public input for the inbound administration.

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State Department has actually slammed Western European nations for discrimination versus Scientologists in its released yearly International Religious Freedom report, based upon the International Religious Freedom Act of 1998. In some countries Scientology is treated legally as an industrial enterprise, and not as a faith or charitable organization. [] In early 2003, in Germany, The Church of Scientology was granted a tax-exemption for the 10% license fees sent out to the United States. The word Scientology (and numerous associated terms, including L. Ron Hubbard) is a signed up trademark. Religious Innovation Center, the owner of the hallmarks and copyrights, takes a difficult line on individuals and groups who try to use it in ways unaffiliated with the official Church (see Scientology and the legal system).


Ron Hubbard appointed Mary Sue Hubbard to take control of specific aspects of legal protection for the CoS in 1968 and the Office of The Guardian was developed with its head workplace located at Saint Hill Manor - Scientology Perth. Under The Guardian's Workplace (later use this link on renamed the Office of Unique Affairs or OSA), Church members and contracted staff from Bureau One later organized and committed one of the biggest penetration of United States federal firms ever perpetrated by an organization not connected with a foreign government (that is, one such as the KGB).


In the trial which followed the discovery of these activities the prosecution described their actions as such: The crime devoted by these accuseds is of dig this a breadth and scope previously unprecedented. No building, workplace, desk, or file was safe from their sleuthing and prying. No person or company was devoid of their despicable conspiratorial minds.

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The Church has likewise in the past utilized aggressive strategies in resolving those it views as attempting to suppress them, referred to as Suppressive Persons (SPs) first described by Hubbard as part of a policy called fair game. Church of Scientology Perth. It was under this policy that Paulette Cooper was targeted for having actually authored, a 1970 expositions book about the Church and its founder.


Using blank paper known to have actually been dealt with by Cooper, Scientologists forged bomb risks in her name. When fingerprints on them matched hers, the Justice Department started prosecution, which might have sent Cooper to jail for a prolonged term. The Church's strategy was discovered at the our website same time as its Operation Snow White actions were exposed.